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Export Control Application for Rare Earths and Rechargeable Batteries from China
Export Control Application for Rare Earths and Rechargeable Batteries from China
With the latest decisions from China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and the General Administration of Customs (Chinese Customs) a wide list of raw earths (decision No. 55, No, 56 and No. 57) as well as rechargeable batteries together with related equipment and battery materials (decision No. 58) are now subject to export controls in China.
For the export from China of the listed items and/or technology an export license must be obtained.
MPR supports its clients in obtaining this export license either for a single or general license.
main documents related to dual-use exports from China
- Dual-use Items Export License Application Form
- Identity certificates of the applicant’s legal representative, main business managers and handlers
- Copies of contracts, agreements or other supporting documents related to the export of dual-use items
- Technical specifications or test reports of the dual-use items
- End-user and end-use certificates for dual-use items (including Chinese translation)
- Information about the importer and end-user (including Chinese translation)
- Other documents required by the commerce department of the State Council
A general license that covers multiple exports for a longer duration of time to different end users requires additionally the following documents:
- Company’s internal compliance management system
- Company’s record of obtaining and using export licences
- Evidence of a consistent usage of single export licenses and end users
The MOFCOM and CIQ also regulate exemptions from this export license to purposes for:
- Repair
- Testing and validation
- Exhibitions and trade fairs
Extraterritorial requirements for rare-earth materials
For oversea manufacturers and individuals’ additional extraterritorial requirements to file for a dual-use export licence in China for rare-earth elements can apply in accordance with Announcement Nr. 61 of MOFCOM and will take effect on December 1st, 2025.
The regulation states items that contain, integrate or are mixed with rare-earth materials listed in Annex 1, Part 1 of Announcement No. 61
| 1 | Samarium Metal | 8 | Samarium-Cobalt Alloy |
| 2 | Dysprosium Metal | 9 | Terbium-Fe Alloy |
| 3 | Gadolinium Metal | 10 | Dysprosium-Fe Alloy |
| 4 | Terbium Metal | 11 | Terbium-Dysprosium-Fe Alloy |
| 5 | Lutetium Metal | 12 | Dysprosium Oxide |
| 6 | Scandium Metal | 13 | Terbium Oxide |
| 7 | Yttrium Metal |
Goods that originate in China are subject to file for a dual-use export license if the value of the materials account for 0,1% or more of the value of items listed in Part 2 of Annex 1.
While this requirement is listed specifically for certain rare earths as listed above, MOFCOM can request from oversea manufacturers that are transferring or providing the following goods, technologies and services linked to other dual-use items listed in decision No. 55-58 to specific countries or regions to comply with the relevant provisions of the Chinese regulations.
MPR China Certification offers support in the application or verification with MOFCOM if an application for a dual-use export license is warranted.
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Informationen on the requirements.
Provision of translations (contracts, etc.)
Submission of the relevant documents to the Chinese authorities.
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Clarification, if submission is needed with MOFCOM.
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Overview of products affected by export controls from China
Items covered by Decision No. 55, 2025.
- 2C902.a. Artificial diamond powder with an average particle size of 50 μm or less (reference tariff number: 71051020)
- 2C902.b. Artificial diamond single crystals with an average particle size greater than 50 μm and less than or equal to 500 μm (reference tariff number: 71051020)
- Note: Item 2C902.b does not control cultured diamonds used for decoration or jewellery.
- 2C902.c. Synthetic diamond wire saws having all of the following characteristics:
- Wire diameter is less than or equal to 45 μm;
- The average particle size of the diamonds contained is less than or equal to 8 μm;
- Breaking force is less than or equal to 16 N.
- 2C902.d. Artificial diamond grinding wheels having all of the following characteristics (reference tariff number: 68042110):
- Diamond tooth hardness is less than or equal to 30 HRB;
- The average particle size of diamonds contained is less than or equal to 5 μm;
- Maximum operating speed is greater than or equal to 40 m/s.
- 2B005.b. Direct current arc plasma jet chemical vapor deposition (DCPCVD) equipment (Reference tariff number: 84798999)
- 2E902 DC Arc Plasma Jet Chemical Vapor Deposition (DCPCVD) Process Technology
Goods covered by Decision No. 56, 2025.
- 2B902 rare earth production and processing equipment
- 2B902.a. Centrifugal extraction equipment for rare earth production and processing.
- 2B902.b. Intelligent continuous impurity removal and precipitation equipment for ionic rare earth ores with a daily leachate processing capacity of 5,000 m³ or more.
- 2B902.c. Rare earth roasting kilns having all of the following characteristics:
- Size range: Φ1.8×20 m~Φ4.6×80 m
- Lining materials inside the kiln shell, including graphite bricks, high-alumina bricks, mullite bricks and other materials that are resistant to concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid corrosion and heat
- The reaction temperature is less than or equal to 850°C.
- 2B902.d. Extraction tanks with a mixing chamber volume of 0.5 to 14.2 m³ for rare earth separation and purification.
- 2B902.e. Ion adsorption equipment for rare earth separation and purification.
- 2B902.e. Ion adsorption equipment for rare earth separation and purification.
- 2B902.g. Parts and components for items controlled under 2B902.f:
- Precipitation crystallization agitator (reference tariff number: 84798999)
- Agitator (reference tariff number: 84799090)
- Motors with an output power of 5.5 to 37 kW.
- 2B902.h. Rare earth resistance furnaces having all of the following characteristics (reference tariff number: 85141990):
- Reaction temperature 320~650℃
- Parts are made of corrosion-resistant materials such as manganese steel and nickel-chromium alloy steel.
- 2B902.i. Any of the following equipment for the electrolysis of rare earth metals:
- Electrolytic rectifier equipment
- Feeding equipment
- Rare earth metal siphon discharge system
- Exhaust gas treatment equipment
- 2B902.j. Rare earth electrolytic cells having all of the following characteristics (reference tariff number: 85433000):
- The trough is built with refractory bricks
- The anode is made of graphite
- The cathode is made of tungsten
- Current range: 6000~30000 A
- Anode current density range 5~7 A/ cm2
- Cathode current density range 1~2 A/ cm2
- 2B902.k. Vacuum induction reduction furnaces having all of the following characteristics:
- Medium frequency power supply frequency 1~8 kHz;
- Heating temperature 0~1700℃;
- Vacuum degree greater than or equal to 1×10 -3 Pa;
- Melting capacity: 10~300 kg.
- 2B902.1. Vacuum carbon tube furnaces having all of the following characteristics:
- Heating temperature 0~1700℃
- Vacuum degree greater than or equal to 1×10 -3 Pa Melting capacity: 10~300 kg
- 2B902.m. Czochralski rare earth crystal growing furnaces having all of the following characteristics (reference tariff number: 85142000):
- The heating method is induction heating
- The maximum heating temperature is greater than or equal to 2300°C
- Equipped with automatic diameter control crystal growth function.
- 2B902.n. Crucible-drop method rare earth crystal growth furnaces having all of the following characteristics (reference tariff number: 85141990):
- The heating method is resistance heating
- The maximum heating temperature is greater than or equal to 1400℃
- With multi-temperature zone heating function.
- 2B902.o. Rare earth permanent magnet vacuum induction casting furnace:
- Cyclic vacuum induction casting furnace (reference tariff number: 85142000)
- Induction heating vacuum melting furnace
- 2B902.p. Parts and components for items controlled under 2B902.o:
- Water-cooled cable
- Copper roller
- Crucible
- Tilt controller
- Cooling system.
- 2B902.q. Rare earth permanent magnet hydrogen crushing furnace:
- Continuous atmosphere heat treatment furnace
- Rotary hydrogen crushing furnace
- Explosion-proof continuous hydrogen crushing furnace
- 2B902.r. Parts and components for items controlled by 2B902.q:
- Valve
- Hydrogen busbar.
- 2B902.s. Rare earth permanent magnet jet mills having all of the following characteristics:
- Particle size is less than or equal to 5μm
- The total powder yield is greater than or equal to 99%
- The oxygen content in the system is less than or equal to 80ppm.
- 2B902.t. Rare earth permanent magnet forming presses with a magnetic field intensity of 1.5 T or greater.
- 2B902.u. Automatic hot pressing equipment for rare earth permanent magnets.
- 2B902.v. Cold isostatic pressing machines for rare earth permanent magnets, not controlled by item 2B104 (reference tariff number: 84798310).
- 2B902.w. Any of the following rare earth permanent magnet vacuum sintering furnaces with a cooling time of 20 minutes or less, a heating temperature of 500-1200°C, and a temperature uniformity within ±3°C at 1000°C:
- Single horizontal sintering furnace
- Continuous vacuum sintering furnace
- Vertical sintering furnace.
- 2B902.x. Equipment for processing rare earth magnetic materials:
- Multi-wire cutting machine
- Laser cutting equipment
- Automatic bonding machine
- Vertical grinding
- Double-sided grinding
- End face grinding
- Pass-through grinder
- 2B902.y. Grain boundary diffusion equipment:
- Physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering coating equipment (reference tariff number: 84798999)
- Rare earth permanent magnet vacuum diffusion furnace
- Screen printing device for rare earth permanent magnets
- 2B902.z. Vertical kilns with a size of 19 × 21 m or greater for recycling rare earth secondary resources.
- Items related to 1C914 rare earth raw and auxiliary materials
- 1C914.a. Rare earth minerals (reference tariff number: 25309020):
- Bastnaesite
- Monazite
- Ion adsorption type rare earth minerals
- 1C914.b. Rare earth mineral flotation reagents containing hydroxamic acid or phosphate collectors.
- 1C914.a. Rare earth minerals (reference tariff number: 25309020):
- 1C914.c. Extractants used in rare earth production:
- P507: 2-Ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (CAS 14802-03-0) (reference tariff number: 29319000)
- P204: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (CAS 298-07-7) (reference tariff number: 29199000)
- Cyclohexane acid (CAS 1338-24-5) (HS Code: 38249999)
- N235: trioctyldecyl tertiary amine (CAS 68814-95-9) (reference tariff number: 38249999)
- C272: Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphonic acid (CAS 83411-71-6)
Goods covered by Decision No. 57, 2025.
I. 1C909 Holmium-Related Items
- (i) 1C909.a. Holmium metal, holmium-containing alloys, and related products:
- 1. Holmium metal (reference tariff number: 28053019).
- 2. Alloys containing holmium:
- a. Holmium copper alloy;
- b. Magnesium-holmium alloy;
- c. Holmium-iron alloy.
- 3. Target containing holmium:
- a. Holmium target;
- b. Holmium copper alloy target.
- 4. Permanent magnetic materials containing holmium.
- 5. Crystalline materials containing holmium.
- 6. Magnetic refrigeration materials containing holmium.
- 7. Magnetostrictive materials containing holmium.
- (ii) 1C909.b. Holmium oxide and its mixtures.
- (iii) 1C909.c. Compounds containing holmium and mixtures thereof.
II. 1C910 Erbium-Related Items
- (i) 1C910.a. Erbium metal, erbium-containing alloys, and related products:
- 1. Erbium metal (reference tariff number: 28053019).
- 2. Alloys containing erbium:
- a. Erbium aluminum alloy;
- b. [Reserved].
- 3. Erbium-containing targets:
- a. Erbium-Target;
- b. [Reserved].
- 4. Crystalline materials containing erbium.
- 5. Optical fiber materials containing erbium.
- 6. Erbium-containing hydrogen storage materials.
- 7. Erbium-containing ceramic materials.
- (ii) 1C910.b. Erbium oxide and its mixtures.
- (iii) 1C910.c. Erbium-containing compounds and mixtures thereof.
III. 1C911 Thulium-Related Items
- (1) 1C911.a. Thulium metal, thulium-containing alloys, and related products:
- 1. Thulium metal (reference tariff number: 28053019).
- 2. Target containing thulium:
- a. Thulium target;
- b. [Reserved].
- 3. Crystalline materials containing thulium.
- 4. Luminescent materials containing thulium.
- (ii) 1C911.b. Thulium oxide and its mixtures.
- (iii) 1C911.c. Thulium-containing compounds and mixtures thereof.
IV. 1C912 Europium-Related Items
- (i) 1C912.a. Europium metal, europium-containing alloys, and related products:
- 1. Europium metal (reference tariff number: 28053019).
- 2. Europium-containing alloys:
- a. Magnesium-Europium alloy;
- b. [Reserved].
- 3. Europium-containing targets:
- a. Europium target;
- b. [Reserved].
- 4. Luminescent materials containing europium:
- a. Phosphor;
- b. [Reserved].
- 5. Europium-containing crystalline materials.
- 6. Europium-containing hydrogen-absorbing materials.
- (ii) 1C912.b. Europium oxide and its mixtures.
- (iii) 1C912.c. Europium-containing compounds and mixtures thereof.
V. 1C913 Ytterbium-Related Items
- (i) 1C913.a. Ytterbium metal, ytterbium-containing alloys, and related products:
- 1. Ytterbium metal (reference tariff number: 28053019).
- 2. Ytterbium-containing targets:
- a. Ytterbium target;
- b. [Reserved].
- 3. Crystalline materials containing ytterbium.
- 4. Optical fiber materials containing ytterbium.
- 5. Ytterbium-containing thermal shielding coating materials.
- (ii) 1C913.b. Ytterbium oxide and its mixtures.
- (iii) 1C913.c. Ytterbium-containing compounds and mixtures thereof.
- Examples:
- 1. Alloys controlled by Items 1C909.a.2, 1C910.a.2, and 1C912.a.2 include alloys in the form of ingots, blocks, bars, wires, sheets, rods, plates, tubes, granules, and powders.
- 2. Target materials regulated by Items 1C909.a.3, 1C910.a.3, 1C911.a.2, 1C912.a.3, and 1C913.a.2 include those in the form of sheets, tubes, etc.
- 3. Permanent magnetic materials controlled by Item 1C909.a.4 include magnets or magnetic powder.
- 4. Oxides, compounds and mixtures thereof controlled under Items 1C909, 1C910, 1C911, 1C912 and 1C913 include but are not limited to powders and other forms.
- Examples:
Goods covered by Decision No. 58, 2025.
I. Lithium Battery-Related Items
- (I) 3A001 Rechargeable and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (including cells and battery packs) with a gravimetric energy density greater than or equal to 300 Wh/kg (reference tariff number: 85076000).
- (II) 3B901.a. Equipment for manufacturing rechargeable and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries:
- Winding machine (reference tariff number: 84798999)
- Laminating machine (reference tariff number: 84798999)
- Liquid filling machine (reference tariff number: 84798999)
- Hot press
- Chemical separation system
- Separation cabinet
- (III) 3E901.a. Technology for the production of items controlled by 3A001.
II. Cathode Material-Related Items
- (I) 3C901.a.1. Lithium iron phosphate cathode materials with a compacted density greater than or equal to 2.5 g/cm³ and a gram capacity greater than or equal to 156 mAh/g (reference tariff number: 28429040).
- (II) 3C901.a.2. Precursor-Related Items for Ternary Cathode Materials:
- a. Nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide (reference tariff number: 28539030);
- b. Nickel-cobalt-aluminum hydroxide (reference tariff number: 28539050).
- (III) 3C901.a.3. Lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials.
- (IV) 3B901.b. Equipment for the manufacture of rechargeable lithium-ion battery cathode materials:
- 1. Roller kiln
- 2. High-speed mixer
- 3. Sand mill
- 4. Air flow mill
III. Items related to graphite anode materials
- (I) 3C901.b.1. Artificial graphite anode materials.
- (II) 3C902.b.2. Anode materials mixed with artificial graphite and natural graphite.
- (III) 3B901.c.1. Granulation equipment for the production of graphite anode materials:
- a. Vertical granulation kettle with a granulation volume of 5 m³ or greater
- b. Continuous granulation kettle with a granulation volume of 5 m³ or greater
- (IV) 3B901.c.2. Graphitization equipment for the production of graphite anode materials:
- a. Box furnace
- b. Acheson furnace
- c. Internal series furnace
- d. Continuous graphitization furnace
- (V) 3B901.c.3. Coating and modification equipment for the production of graphite anode materials:
- a. Fusion coating equipment with a volume greater than 300 L
- b. Spray drying equipment with a volume greater than 60 m³
- c. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) rotary kilns with a barrel diameter greater than 0.5 m
- (VI) 3E901.b. Processes and technologies for the production of graphite anode materials:
- 1. Granulation process
- 2. Continuous graphitization technology
- 3. Liquid phase coating technology.
Items covered by Decision No. 61, 2025, Annex 1.
Annex 1 – List of Items
Part II
I. Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Materials
- Samarium-Cobalt Permanent Magnet Materials
- Terbium-Containing Neodymium-Fe-Boron Permanent Magnet Materials
- Dysprosium-Containing Neodymium-Fe-Boron Permanent Magnet Materials
- Parts, Components, and Assemblies Containing the Above Materials.
II. Rare Earth Target Materials
- 1. Target Materials Containing Samarium:
- a. Samarium Target
- b. Samarium-Cobalt Alloy Target
- c. Samarium-Fe Alloy Target.
- 2. Gadolinium-containing targets:
- a. Gadolinium target
- b. Gadolinium-iron alloy target
- c. Gadolinium-cobalt alloy target
- 3. Terbium-containing targets:
- Terbium target
- Terbium-cobalt alloy target
- Terbium-dysprosium-iron alloy target
- 4. Dysprosium-containing targets:
- Dysprosium target
- Terbium-dysprosium-iron alloy target
- 5. Lutetium target
- 6. Scandium target
- 7. Yttrium-containing targets:
- a. Yttrium target
- b. Yttrium-aluminum alloy target
- c. Yttrium-zirconium alloy target
